Lenses on Reading

Gough’s Model:

Gough’s model became known as the “bottoms up” model. This also is known as the information processing model. It is made up of different stages. The focuses are on explaining unobservable cognitive processes during the reading process by the subject. The issue of validity with this model lies in that struggling readers can get stuck during the scanner stage due to the lack of vocabulary or word recognition. This model is similar to Adams’ model in that Gough believes that there are several stages and processes in the reading process. Gough’s model is different from Adams’ in that it works together more.

Automatic Information Processing Model:

This model contains five major parts. They are: the visual memory, phonological memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and attention. In this model, it is believed that with exposure and practice, the visual features become perceived as a single unit. This model shows the cognitive processing perspective. Its main focus is on explaining underlying, unobservable, cognitive processes. This model is like Adams’ model because there are major stages in each of the models.

Interactive Model:

This model begins with visual text input, but the processors use visual information simultaneously. By processing syntactic, semantic, orthographic, and lexical information at the same time, both higher level and lower level processes can interact. The Interactive Information Processing Model is most similar to Adams’s model because it involves multiple processes occurring simultaneously. According to both, reading is not a linear process, but an interactive one involving both high and lower level processes. This model is considered interactive instead of the above mentioned “bottom-up.”